Résumés
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which quality physical education is currently being taught in Atlantic Canada. We used survey methods to generate descriptive data indicating: (a) the backgrounds of those who teach physical education and (b) what is being taught in physical education. Our findings suggest physical education is taught by a group of mostly-white teachers with varying qualifications, interests, and experiences in teaching the subject. Further, sport experiences tend to dominate the subject matter that students engage with, at the expense of dance and gymnastics. Although some physical education programs could arguably be classified as being of a sound quality according to the national subject association, we contend that more needs to be done to present the subject as a diverse enterprise, both in terms of who teaches and what is taught in physical education.
Résumé
L’objectif de ce projet de recherche était d’explorer la qualité de l’enseignement prodigué en éducation physique dans les provinces maritimes au Canada. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé une méthodologie de sondage pour générer des données descriptives nous informant sur: (a) le profil des enseignants en éducation physique et (b) ce qui est enseigné en éducation physique. Nos résultats indiquent que l’éducation physique est enseignée par un groupe majoritairement formé de Blancs possédant une variété de qualifications, d’intérêts et d’expériences dans l’enseignement de la matière. De plus, le temps consacré par les élèves aux sports durant les cours prédomine, au détriment de la danse et de la gymnastique. Selon l’association nationale de l’enseignement en éducation physique, certains programmes en éducation physique peuvent sans doute être classés comme étant de qualité. Cependant, nous soutenons que davantage peut être fait pour offrir une expérience en éducation physique diversifiée, à la fois en ce qui a trait au profil du corps enseignant, qu’à l’offre de contenu.
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Biographical notes
LYNN RANDALL is an associate professor in the Faculty of Education at the University of New Brunswick.
DANIEL B. ROBINSON is an associate professor in the Faculty of Education at St. Francis Xavier University.
TIM FLETCHER is an assistant professor in the Department of Kinesiology at Brock University.
Bibliography
- Active Healthy Kids Canada. (2011). Don’t let this be the most physical activity our kids get after school. The Active Healthy Kids Canada 2011 report card on physical activity for children and youth. Toronto, ON: Author.
- Active Healthy Kids Canada. (2012). Is active play extinct? The Active Healthy Kids Canada 2012 report card on physical activity for children and youth. Toronto, ON: Author.
- Canadian Council of University Physical Education & Kinesiology Administrators. (2013). Physical education institutions. Retrieved from http://www.ccupeka.ca/en/index.php/accreditation/19-institutions-and-procedures/12-physical-education-institutions
- Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute. (1998). Popular physical activities. Progress in Prevention, Bulletin no. 32.
- Cherubini, L. (2009). Reconciling the tensions of new teachers’ socialization into school culture: A review of the research. Issues in Educational Research, 19(2), 83-99.
- Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
- Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Curtner-Smith, M. D. (1999). The more things change the more they stay the same: Factors influencing teachers’ interpretations and delivery of national curriculum physical education. Sport, Education and Society, 4(1), 75-97.
- Ennis, C. D. (1996). Students’ experiences in sport-based physical education: [More than] apologies are necessary. Quest, 48(4), 453-456.
- Flory, S. B., & McCaughtry, N. (2011). Culturally relevant physical education in urban schools: Reflecting cultural knowledge. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(1), 49-60.
- Friesen, J. (2010, March 9). The changing face of Canada: Booming minority populations by 2031. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/the-changing-face-of-canada-booming-minority-populations-by-2031/article569072/
- Halas, J. (2006). Developing a white race-consciousness: A foundation for culturally relevant physical education for Aboriginal youth. In E. Singleton & A. Varpalotai (Eds.), Stones in the sneaker: Active theory for secondary school physical and health educators (pp. 155-182). London, ON: The Althouse Press.
- Halas, J., McCrae, H., & Carpenter, A. (2013). The quality and cultural relevance of physical education for Aboriginal youth: Challenges and opportunities. In J. Forsythe & A. R. Giles (Eds.), Aboriginal peoples and sport in Canada: Historical foundations and contemporary issues. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
- Hardman, K., & Marshall, J. (2000a). Physical education in schools: Preliminary findings of a worldwide survey. International Council for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sport, and Dance, 36(3), 9-13.
- Hardman, K., & Marshall, J. (2000b). Physical education in schools: Preliminary findings of a worldwide survey. Part II. International Council for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sport, and Dance, 36(4), 8-12.
- Heart and Stroke Foundation. (2010). A perfect storm of heart disease looming on our horizon. Retrieved from http://www.heartandstroke.com/site/c.ikIQLcMWJtE/b.5761931/k.E35D/2010_ report_card__A_Perfect_Storm.htm?src=news
- Hickson, C., Robinson, D. B., Berg, S., & Hall, N. (2012). Active in the north: School and community physical activity programming in Canada. International Journal of Physical Education, 4(2), 16-30.
- Jackson, W. (1988). Research methods: Rules for survey design and analysis. Scarborough, ON: Prentice-Hall Canada.
- Janzen, H., Halas, J., Dixon, S., DeCorby, K., Booke, J., & Wintrup, L. (2003). The quality of physical education in Manitoba schools: A three year study. Physical & Health Education Journal, 69(2), 44.
- Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2012). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Kirk, D. (2010). Physical education futures. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Lawson, H. (1983). Toward a model of teacher socialization in physical education: The subjective warrant, recruitment, and teacher education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 2(3), 3-16.
- Lawson, H. (1988). Occupational socialization, cultural studies, and the physical education curriculum. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 7(4), 265-288.
- Mandigo, J. L., Thompson, L. P., Spence, J. C., Melnychuk, N., Schwartz, M., Causgrove Dunn, J., & Marshall, D. (2004). A descriptive profile of physical education teachers and related program characteristics in Alberta. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 50(1), 87-102.
- Marshall, J., & Hardman, K. (2000). The state and status of physical education in schools in international context. European Physical Education Review, 6(3), 203-229.
- McCaughtry, N., Barnard, S., Martin, J., Shen, B., & Kulinna P. M. (2006). Teachers’ perspectives on the challenges of teaching physical education in urban schools: The student emotional filter. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(4), 486-497.
- Melnychuk, N., Robinson, D. B., Lu, C., Chorney, D., & Randall, L. (2011). Physical education teacher education (PETE) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Education, 34(2), 148-168.
- Merriam, S., & Simpson, E. (2000). A guide to research for educators and trainers of adults. Malabar, FL: Krieger.
- Metzler, M. W. (2011). Instructional models in physical education. Scottsdale, AZ: Holcomb Hathaway.
- Miles, M., & Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Morgan, P. J., & Hansen, V. (2008). Classroom teachers’ perceptions of the impact of barriers to teaching physical education on the quality of physical education programs. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(4), 506-516.
- O’Sullivan, M. (2013). New directions, new questions: Relationships between curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment in physical education (editorial). Sport, Education and Society, 18(1), 1-5.
- Physical and Health Education Canada. (2013). Quality daily physical education. Retrieved from http://www.phecanada.ca/programs/quality-daily-physical-education
- Ramanathan, S., Allison, K. R., Faulkner, G., & Dwyer, J. M. (2008). Challenges in assessing the implementation and effectiveness of physical activity and nutrition policy interventions as natural experiments. Health Promotion International, 23(3), 290-297.
- Robinson, D. B., & Melnychuk. N. (2008). Discourse, teacher identity, and the implementation of daily physical activity. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 54(3), 245-257.
- Robinson, D. B., Lunney Borden, L., & Robinson, I. M. (2013). Charting a course for culturally responsive physical education. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 58(4), 526-546.
- Smaller, H., Clark, R., Hart, D., Livingstone, D., & Noormohamed, Z. (2000). Teacher learning, informal and formal: Results of a Canadian Teachers’ Federation survey (WALL Working Paper No. 14). Toronto, ON: Centre for the Study of Education and Work, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
- Statistics Canada. (2013a). Health profile, January 2013. Retrieved from http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/health-sante/82-228/index.cfm?Lang=E
- Statistics Canada. (2013b). Population groups (28) and sex (3) for the population. Retrieved from http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3& DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0& GRP=1&PID=92334&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0& Temporal=2006&THEME=80&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=
- Statistics Canada. (2013c). Visible minority groups, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data. Retrieved from http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=1& Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=2&Display=Page
- Statistics Canada. (2013d). Occupation – National occupational classification for statistics 2006. Retrieved from http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/tbt/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3& DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1& PID=97611&PRID=0&PTYPE=88971,97154&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0& Temporal=2006&THEME=74&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=
- Sykes, H. (2011). Queer bodies: Sexualities, genders, & fatness in physical education. New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishing.
- Tremblay, M., Pella, T., & Taylor, K. (1996). The quality and quantity of school-based physical education: A growing concern. Journal CAHPERD, 62(4), 4-7.
Parties annexes
Notes biographiques
LYNN RANDALL est professeur adjoint à la Faculté des sciences de l’éducation de l’Université du New Brunswick.
DANIEL B. ROBINSON est professeur adjoint à la Faculté des sciences de l’éducation de l’Université St.Francis Xavier.
TIM FLETCHER est professeur adjoint au département de kinésiologie de l’Université Brock