Résumés
Résumé
Peu de travaux ont porté sur la relation entre la taille des nations et la distribution des revenus, à l’exception de l’ouvrage pionnier de Peter Katzenstein, Small States in World Markets (1985), qui démontrait que les petites nations européennes avaient une capacité supérieure de se concerter et de concilier la croissance économique et une généreuse protection sociale. Nous revisitons cette question pour les années récentes (1990-2019) et avec un plus grand nombre de cas (20 pays de l’OCDE), afin d’établir plus systématiquement la relation entre la taille d’une nation et la distribution des revenus. Nous démontrons que, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, les petites nations réussissent mieux à contrer les inégalités et la pauvreté, même quand on contrôle les facteurs habituellement associés à la redistribution, comme la représentation proportionnelle, l’ouverture commerciale, le pouvoir de la gauche et le type et la hauteur des dépenses sociales.
Mots-clés :
- taille des nations,
- redistribution,
- inégalités,
- concertation,
- État-providence,
- mondialisation
Abstract
Little research has been done on the relationship between nation size and income distribution, with the exception of Peter Katzenstein’s pioneering Small States in World Markets (1985), which demonstrated that small European nations had a superior ability to coordinate and reconcile economic growth with generous social protection. I revisit this question with regard to recent years (1990-2019) and with a larger number of cases (twenty OECD countries) as a way to establish more systematically the relationship between nation size and income distribution. I show that, all other things being equal, small nations are more successful in countering inequality and poverty, even when controlling for factors usually associated with redistribution, such as proportional representation, trade openness, the power of the left, as well as the type and level of social spending.
Keywords:
- size of nations,
- redistribution,
- inequality,
- concertation,
- welfare state,
- globalization
Parties annexes
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