Résumés
Résumé
Les PME souhaitant s’internationaliser ont besoin de développer et de maintenir leur réseau interorganisationnel à l’international. Cette étude a pour objectif de comprendre comment les acteurs de l’Ecosystème d’Accompagnement à l’Internationalisation (EAI) interviennent sur le réseau interorganisationnel des PME pour l’internationalisation. Ancrée dans la théorie des réseaux sociaux, cette étude est basée sur 30 entretiens auprès des acteurs de l’EAI et des PME. Cette étude contribue au champ de l’écosystème entrepreneurial en analysant en profondeur les actions de connexion et de médiation qui sont à la base de l’écosystème. Elle contribue aux travaux sur l’accompagnement à l’international en explicitant les processus, les instruments et les leviers utilisés pour aider les PME à développer et maintenir leur réseau interorganisationnel pour l’internationalisation.
Mots-clés :
- Intermédiation,
- accompagnement à l’international,
- acteur tiers,
- théorie des réseaux sociaux,
- réseau international
Abstract
SMEs wishing to internationalize their business activity need to develop and maintain their inter-organizational network internationally. This study aims to understand how the actors of the Internationalization Support Ecosystem (ISE) intervene in the interorganizational network of SMEs for internationalization. Rooted in social network theory, this study is based on 30 interviews with ISE actors and SMEs. This study contribute to the field of the entrepreneurial ecosystem by proposing an in-depth analysis of the connection and mediation actions that are fundamental to the ecosystem. It contribute to the work on international support by clarifying the processes, instruments and levers used to help SMEs develop and maintain their interorganizational network for internationalization.
Keywords:
- brokering,
- international support,
- third party actor,
- social network theory,
- international network
Resumen
Las PyME que deseen internacionalizarse necesitan desarrollar y mantener su red interorganizacional a nivel internacional. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender cómo los actores del Ecosistema de Apoyo a la Internacionalización (EAI) intervienen en la red interorganizacional de las PyMES para la internacionalización. Basado en la teoría de las redes sociales, este estudio se apoya en 30 entrevistas con actores de EAI y PyME. Este trabajo contribuye al campo del ecosistema emprendedor analizando en profundidad las acciones de conexión y mediación que están en la base del ecosistema. Contribuye al trabajo sobre el apoyo internacional al explicar los procesos, instrumentos y palancas que se utilizan para ayudar a las PyME a desarrollar y mantener su red interorganizacional para la internacionalización.
Palabras clave:
- Intermediación,
- apoyo a la internacionalización,
- terceros actores,
- teoría de las redes sociales,
- red internacional
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Andersson, S., Evers, N., & Griot, C. (2013). Local and international networks in small firm internationalization : Cases from the Rhône-Alpes medical technology regional cluster. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(9‑10), p. 867‑888.
- Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural holes : The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
- Case, C. R., & Maner, J. K. (2014). Divide and conquer : When and why leaders undermine the cohesive fabric of their group. Journal of personality and social psychology, 107(6), p. 1033.
- Catanzaro, A., Messeghem, K., & Sammut, S. (2013). Accompagner l’entreprise à internationalisation précoce et rapide : La place centrale de la dimension réticulaire. Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat, 11(3), p. 33‑53.
- Catanzaro, A., Messeghem, K., & Sammut, S. (2019). Effectiveness of Export Support Programs : Impact on the Relational Capital and International Performance of Early Internationalizing Small Businesses. Journal of Small Business Management.
- Cheriet, F., & Maurel, C. (2020). Être petit et réussir à l’export : Étude de dix cas d’entreprises vitivinicoles françaises. Management international/International Management/Gestiòn Internacional, 24(6), p. 114‑126.
- Costa, E., Lucas Soares, A., & Pinho de Sousa, J. (2017). Institutional networks for supporting the internationalisation of SMEs : The case of industrial business associations. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 32(8), p. 1182‑1202.
- Coviello, N. E. (2006). The network dynamics of international new ventures. Journal of international Business studies, 37(5), p. 713‑731.
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design : Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
- De Benedittis, J., Geindre, S., & Dominguez-Péry, C. (2018). Les écosystèmes des pôles de compétitivité : Dynamique et choix de modèle d’affaires. Revue Française de Gestion, 44(272), p. 139‑154.
- Dominguez, N. (2018). Les réseaux d’affaires : Moteurs ou freins de l’internationalisation des PME en Chine ? Management international/International Management/Gestiòn Internacional, 22, p. 99‑112.
- Dominguez, N., Mayrhofer, U., & Obadia, C. (2017). The antecedents of information exchange in export business networks. M@n@gement, 20(5), p. 463‑488.
- Dubois, A., & Gadde, L.-E. (2002). Systematic combining : An abductive approach to case research. Journal of business research, 55(7), p. 553‑560.
- Ellwardt, L., Labianca, G. J., & Wittek, R. (2012). Who are the objects of positive and negative gossip at work ? : A social network perspective on workplace gossip. Social Networks, 34(2), p. 193‑205.
- Felzensztein, C., Ciravegna, L., Robson, P., & Amorós, J. E. (2015). Networks, entrepreneurial orientation, and internationalization scope : Evidence from Chilean small and medium enterprises. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(sup1), p. 145‑160.
- Freixanet, J. (2012). Export promotion programs : Their impact on companies’ internationalization performance and competitiveness. International Business Review, 21(6), p. 1065‑1086.
- Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American journal of sociology, 78(6), p. 1360‑1380.
- Haahti, A., Madupu, V., Yavas, U., & Babakus, E. (2005). Cooperative strategy, knowledge intensity and export performance of small and medium sized enterprises. Journal of World Business, 40(2), p. 124‑138.
- Haddoud, M. Y., Jones, P., & Newbery, R. (2017). Export promotion programmes and SMEs’ performance : Exploring the network promotion role. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(1), p. 68‑87.
- Halevy, N., Halali, E., & Zlatev, J. J. (2019). Brokerage and Brokering : An Integrative Review and Organizing Framework for Third Party Influence. Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), p. 215‑239.
- Huberman, A. M., & Miles, M. B. (1994). Data management and analysis methods. In Handbook of qualitative research (N. K. Denzin&Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), p. 428‑444). Sage Publications, Inc.
- Karami, M., & Tang, J. (2019). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME international performance : The mediating role of networking capability and experiential learning. International Small Business Journal, 37(2), p. 105‑124.
- Kniffin, K. M., & Wilson, D. S. (2005). Utilities of gossip across organizational levels. Human Nature, 16(3), p. 278‑292.
- Logan, J. (2006). The union avoidance industry in the United States. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 44(4), p. 651‑675.
- Manesh, S. M. Z. E., & Rialp-Criado, A. (2018). International ecopreneurs : The case of eco-entrepreneurial new ventures in the renewable energy industry. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, p. 1‑24.
- Mason, C., & Brown, R. (2014). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth oriented entrepreneurship. Final report to OECD, Paris, 30(1), p. 77‑102.
- Meschi, P.-X., & Norheim-Hansen, A. (2020). Partner-diversity effects on alliance termination in the early stage of green alliance formation : Empirical evidence from carbon-emission reduction projects in Latin America. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(1), p. 250‑261.
- Mira-Bonnardel, S. (2015). Croissance des PME par l’internationalisation : L’effet de levier réticulaire des chambres de commerce françaises à l’étranger. Revue internationale PME, 28(3‑4), p. 257‑286.
- Obstfeld, D. (2005). Social networks, the tertius iungens orientation, and involvement in innovation. Administrative science quarterly, 50(1), p. 100‑130.
- Obstfeld, D. (2017). Getting New Things Done : Networks, Brokerage, and the Assembly of Innovative Action. Stanford University Press.
- Obstfeld, D., Borgatti, S. P., & Davis, J. (2014). Brokerage as a process : Decoupling third party action from social network structure. In Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks (p. 135‑159). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- Oparaocha, G. O. (2015). SMEs and international entrepreneurship : An institutional network perspective. International Business Review, 24(5), p. 861‑873.
- Pacheco, D. F., Dean, T. J., & Payne, D. S. (2010). Escaping the green prison : Entrepreneurship and the creation of opportunities for sustainable development. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), p. 464‑480.
- Renaud, A., & Berland, N. (2020). L’influence des facteurs stratégiques et organisationnels sur les relations entre contrôle de gestion environnemental et apprentissage organisationnel : Le cas d’une éco-PME missionnaire. Management International/International Management/Gestión Internacional, 24(2).
- Soda, G., Usai, A., & Zaheer, A. (2004). Network memory : The influence of past and current networks on performance. Academy of Management Journal, 47(6), p. 893‑906.
- Theodoraki, C. (2020). A Holistic Approach to Incubator Strategies in the Entrepreneurial Support Ecosystem. M@n@gement, 23(4), 10‑37725.
- Theodoraki, C., & Catanzaro, A. (2022). Widening the borders of entrepreneurial ecosystem through the international lens. The Journal of Technology Transfer.
- Williams, T. (2005). Cooperation by design : Structure and cooperation in interorganizational networks. Journal of Business Research, 58(2), p. 223‑231.