Résumés
Abstract
Background: Preclinical medical students commonly perceive shadowing as beneficial for career exploration. However, research is sparse on the broader impact of shadowing as a learning strategy. We explored students’ perceptions and lived experiences of shadowing to understand its role and impact on their personal and professional lives.
Methods: Between 2020-2021, individual semi-structured video interviews were conducted with 15 Canadian medical students in this qualitative descriptive study. Inductive analysis proceeded concurrently with data collection until no new dominant concepts were identified. Data were iteratively coded and grouped into themes.
Results: Participants described internal and external factors that moulded shadowing experiences, arising tensions between intended and perceived experiences, and how these lived experiences impacted their wellness. Internal factors associated with shadowing behaviour included: 1) aspiring to be the best and shadowing to demonstrate excellence, 2) shadowing for career exploration, 3) shadowing as learning opportunities for early clinical exposure and career preparedness, and 4) reaffirming and redefining professional identity through shadowing. External factors were: 1) unclear residency match processes which position shadowing as competitive leverage, 2) faculty messaging that perpetuates student confusion around the intended value of shadowing, and 3) social comparison in peer discourse, fuelling a competitive shadowing culture.
Conclusions: The tension between balancing wellness with career ambitions and the unintended consequences of unclear messaging regarding shadowing in a competitive medical culture highlights issues inherent in shadowing culture.
Résumé
Contexte : De manière générale, les étudiants en médecine préclinique considèrent que l’observation présente une occasion intéressante d’explorer les possibilités de carrière. Cependant, peu de recherches ont été menées sur l’impact plus large de l’observation comme stratégie d’apprentissage. Nous avons exploré les perceptions et les expériences vécues des étudiants en matière d’observation afin de comprendre son rôle et ses répercussions sur leur vie personnelle et professionnelle.
Méthodes : Dans le cadre de cette étude qualitative descriptive, entre 2020 et 2021, des entretiens vidéo individuels semi-structurés ont été menés avec 15 étudiants en médecine canadiens. L’analyse inductive s’est déroulée simultanément à la collecte des données jusqu’à ce qu’aucun concept dominant nouveau n’apparaisse. Les données ont été codées de manière itérative et regroupées en thèmes.
Résultats : Les participants ont décrit les facteurs internes et externes qui ont façonné leur expérience de l’observation et les tensions qui en ont découlé, ainsi que l’impact de ces expériences sur leur bien-être. Les facteurs internes associés au comportement d’observation sont les suivants : 1) vouloir être le meilleur et faire de l’observation pour montrer son excellence, 2) faire de l’observation dans le but d’explorer les débouchés de carrière, 3) faire de l’observation pour apprendre par l’exposition clinique précoce et pour se préparer à la carrière, et 4) réaffirmer et redéfinir l’identité professionnelle par l’observation. Les facteurs externes sont 1) le manque de clarté dans les processus de jumelage des résidents pouvant donner l’impression que l’observation est un atout, 2) le discours enseignant qui entretient la confusion des étudiants quant à la valeur de l’observation, et 3) la comparaison sociale dans le discours des pairs, alimentant une culture de l’observation compétitive.
Conclusions : La difficulté de trouver un équilibre entre le bien-être et les ambitions professionnelles, et les conséquences involontaires d’un discours peu clair concernant l’observation dans le contexte d’un climat compétitif mettent en évidence les problèmes inhérents à la culture de l’observation.
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