Résumés
Résumé
Le trouble de personnalité limite (TPL) est une psychopathologie sévère dont les précurseurs remontent à l’enfance. À partir de cette prémisse, l’objectif de cet article est de présenter la controverse qui entoure la présence, dès l’enfance, de traits de personnalité pathologiques reliés au TPL. En effet, bien que le DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2003) déconseille le diagnostic de TPL chez les enfants, d’autres outils diagnostiques soulignent que des traits inadaptés peuvent effectivement être identifiés précocement. Par ailleurs, plusieurs auteurs appuient l’hypothèse selon laquelle le développement des enfants serait compromis par la présence de traits de TPL, faisant d’eux des enfants borderline en devenir. Devant la perspective que les traits inadaptés de l’enfance se maintiennent à l’adolescence et à l’âge adulte, l’article souligne le besoin indispensable de développer des instruments de mesure dimensionnels permettant d’identifier les enfants à risque afin de favoriser les interventions précoces et de renverser le processus développemental pathologique en cours.
Mots-clés :
- traits de personnalité,
- trouble de personnalité limite,
- développement,
- enfants
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychopathological condition whose antecedents occur in childhood. Based on this premise, the article aims to examine the debate surrounding the identification of childhood pathological personality traits associated with BPD. Notably, the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2003) advises against childhood diagnosis of BPD. However, other diagnostic manuals allow for the identification of maladjusted personality traits in children and several researchers support the hypothesis that childhood development is compromised by the presence of BPD features, implying that a child exhibiting such traits could be considered a borderline-child-to-be. Given that maladjusted personality traits identified in childhood intensify throughout adolescence and into adulthood, this article emphasizes the imperative need to develop dimensional measures that allow for the identification of high-risk children in order to facilitate early interventions with the aim of counteracting pathological developmental processes.
Keywords:
- personality traits,
- borderline personality disorder,
- development,
- children
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Allen, J. G. (2005). Coping with trauma: Hope through understanding (2e éd.). Washington, DC : American Psychiatry Publishing, Inc.
- American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4e éd.). Washington, DC : Auteur.
- American Psychiatric Association (en cours). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5e éd.). Récupéré le 22 mai 2012 de http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx
- American Psychiatric Association (en cours). Rationale for the proposed changes to the personality disorders classification in DSM-5. Récupéré le 2 octobre 2012 de http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/Personality%20Disorders/Rationale%20for%20the%20Proposed%20changes%20to%20the%20Personality%20Disorders%20in%20DSM-5%205-1-12.pdf
- American Psychiatric Association (2003). Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (4e éd., texte révisé). Paris, France : Masson.
- Arsenault, S., Dubé, G., Terradas, M. M., Lallier Baudoin, M.-C., & Pesant, S. (2012, Mars). L’enfant borderline en devenir : validation de l’Échelle des traits de personnalité limite pour les enfants. Communication par affiche présentée au 34e congrès annuel de la Société québécoise pour la recherche en psychologie (SQRP), Sherbrooke, Canada.
- Aviram, R. B., Brodsky, B. S., & Stanley, B. (2006). Borderline personality disorder, stigma, and treatment implications. Harvard Review of Psychiatry,14(5), 249-256. doi:10.1080/10673220600975121
- Bandelow, B., Krause, J., Wedekind, D., Broocks, A., Hajak, G., & Rüther, E. (2005). Early traumatic life events, parental attitudes, family history, and birth risk factors in patients with borderline personality disorder and healthy controls. Psychiatry Research,134(2), 169-179. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.07.008
- Baron, M., Gruen, R., Asnis, L., & Lord, S. (1985). Familial transmission of schizotypal and borderline personality disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry,142(8), 927-934.
- Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (2006). Mentalisation-based treatment for borderline personality disorder: A practical guide. New York : Oxford University Press.
- Becker, D. F., Grilo, C. M., Edell, W. S., & McGlashan, T. H. (2002). Diagnostic efficiency of borderline personality disorder criteria in hospitalized adolescents: Comparison with hospitalized adults, American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 2042-2047. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.12.2042
- Berger, M. (2003). Les différentes formes de demande. Dans M. Berger, Le travail thérapeutique avec la famille (pp. 90-127). Paris : Dunod.
- Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., & Handelsman, L. (1998). Predicting personality pathology among adult patients with substance use disorders: Effects of childhood maltreatment. Addictive Behaviors, 23(6), 855-868. doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00072-0
- Bleiberg, E. (1994). Borderline disorders in children and adolescents: The concept, the diagnosis, and the controversies. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 58(2), 169-196.
- Bleiberg, E. (2004). Treating personality disorders in children and adolescents: A relational approach. New York, NY : Guilford Press.
- Bradley, R., Conklin, C. Z., & Westen, D. (2005). The borderline personality diagnosis in adolescents: Gender differences and subtypes, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(9), 1006-1019. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00401.x
- Chang, B., Sharp, C., & Ha, C. (2011). The criterion validity of the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children in an adolescent inpatient setting. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25(4), 492-502. doi:10.1521/pedi.2011.25.4.492
- Clark, L. A., & Krueger, R. F. (2011). Rationale for a six-domain trait dimensional diagnostic system for personality disorder. Récupéré le 22 mai 2012 de http://www.dsm5.org/proposedrevisions/pages/rationaleforasix-domaintraitdimensionaldiagnosticsystemforpersonalitydisorder.aspx
- Cohen, P. (2008). Child development and personality disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31(3), 477-493. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2008.03.005
- Crick, N. R., Murray-Close, D., & Woods, K. (2005). Borderline personality features in childhood: A short-term longitudinal study. Development and Psychopathology, 17(4), 1051-1070. doi:10.10170S0954579405050492
- De Clercq, B., & De Fruyt, F. (2007). Childhood antecedents of personality disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 20(1), 57-61. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e328010c827
- De Clercq, B., Van Leeuwen, K., Van Den Noortgate, W., De Bolle, M., & De Fruyt, F. (2009). Childhood personality pathology: Dimensional stability and change. Development and Psychopathology, 21(3), 853-869. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000467
- Fonagy, P., Leigh, T., Steele, M., Steele, H., Kennedy, R., Mattoon, G., …Gerber, A. (1996). The relation of attachment status, psychiatric classification, and response to psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 22-31. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.1.22
- Fonagy, P., Target, M., & Gergely, G. (2000). Attachment and borderline personality disorder: A theory and some evidence. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23(1), 103-122. doi:10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70146-5
- Freud, A. (1988). Le normal et le pathologique chez l’enfant : estimations du développement. Paris, France : Gallimard.
- Geiger, T., & Crick, N. (2001). A developmental psychopathology perspective on vulnerability to personality disorders. Dans R. E. Ingram et J. M. Price (dir.), Vulnerability to psychopathology: Risk across the lifespan (pp. 57-102). New York, NY : Guilford Press.
- Goodman, M., Patil, U., Triebwasser, J., Diamond, E., Hiller, A., Hoffman, P., New, A. (2010). Parental viewpoints of trajectories to borderline personality disorder in female offspring. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21(2), 204-216. doi:10.1521/pedi.2010.24.2.204
- Goldman, S. J., D’Angelo, E., DeMaso, D. R., & Mezzacappa, E. (1992). Physical and sexual abuse histories among children with borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149(12), 1723-1726.
- Golse, B. (2012). Les états limites chez l’enfant : un concept limite? Le Carnet PSY, 160, 37-39. doi:10.3917/lcp.160.0037
- Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., Reynolds, E. K., Bagge, C. L., Latzman, R. D., Daughters, S. B., & Lejuez, C. W. (2009). Extending extant models of the pathogenesis of borderline personality disorder to childhood borderline personality symptoms: The roles of affective dysfunction, disinhibition, and self- and emotion-regulation deficits. Development and Psychopathology, 21(4), 1263-1291. doi:10.1017/S0954579409990150
- Griffiths, M. (2011). Validity, utility and acceptability of borderline personality disorder diagnosis in childhood and adolescence: Survey of psychiatrists. The Psychiatrist, 35, 19-22. doi:10.1192/pb.bp.109.028779
- Gurvits, I. G., Koenigsberg, H. W., & Siever, L. J. (2000). Neurotransmitter dysfunction in patients with borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23(1), 27-40. doi:10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70141-6
- Guzder, J., Paris, J., Zelkowitz, P., & Marchessault, K. (1996). Risk factors for borderline psychology in children. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(1), 26-33. doi:10.1097/00004583-199601000-00009
- Guzder, J., Paris, J., Zelkowitz, P., & Feldman, R. (1999). Psychological risk factors for borderline pathology in school-age children. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(2), 206-212. doi:10.1097/00004583-199902000-00021
- Herman, J. L., Perry, C., & van der Kolk, B. A. (1989). Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 490-495.
- Hinshaw, S. P., & Cicchetti, D. (2000). Stigma and mental disorder: Conceptions of illness, public attitudes, personal disclosure, and social policy. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 555-598. doi:10.1017/S0954579400004028
- Houzel, D., Emmanuelli, M., & Moggio, F. (2000). Dictionnaire de psychopathologie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent. Paris, France : Presses universitaires de France.
- Joyce, P. R., McKenzie, J. M., Luty, S. E., Mulder, R. T., Carter, J. D., Sullivan, P. F., & Cloninger, C. R. (2003). Temperament, childhood environment and psychopathology as risk factors for avoidant and borderline personality disorders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37(6), 756-764. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2003.01263.x
- Kernberg, P. F. (1990). Resolved: Borderline personality exists in children under twelve. Affirmative. Journal of the American of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(3), 478-479.
- Kernberg, P. F., Weiner, A. S., & Bardenstein, K. K. (2000). Personality disorders in children and adolescents. New York, NY : Basic Books.
- Laplache, J., & Pontalis, J.-B. (1997). Vocabulaire de la psychanalyse. Paris, France : Quadrige et Presses universitaires de France.
- Lenzenweger, M. F., Lane, M. C., Loranger, A. W., & Kessler, R. C. (2007). DSM-IV personality disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 62, 553-564. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.019
- Links, P. S., Steiner, M., & Huxley, G. (1988). The occurrence of borderline personality disorder in the families of borderline patients. Journal of Personality Disorders, 2, 14-20. doi:10.1521/pedi.1988.2.1.14
- Misès, R., & Quemada, N. (2000). Classification française des troubles mentaux de l’enfant et de l’adolescent (4e éd.). Vanves, France : CTNERHI.
- Misès, R. Quemada, N., Botbul, M., Bursztejn, C., Durand, B., Garrabé, J., …Thevenot, J. P. (2002). Une nouvelle édition de la classification française des troubles mentaux de l’enfant et de l’adolescent : CFTMEA R-2000. Neuropsychiatrie de l’enfance et de l’adolescence, 50(4), 233-261.
- Morey, L. (1991). Personality Assessment Inventory. Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
- Organisation mondiale de la santé (2005). Guide des politiques et des services de santé mentale : politiques et plans relatifs à la santé mentale de l’enfant et de l’adolescent [Brochure]. Genève, Suisse : OMS.
- Organisation mondiale de la santé (2010). Classification statistique internationale des maladies et des problèmes de santé connexes. Dixième révision. Chapitre V(F) : troubles mentaux et troubles du comportement. Paris, France : Masson.
- Paris, J. (2000). Childhood precursors of borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23(1), 77-88. doi:10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70144-1
- Paris, J., Zweig-Frank, H., & Guzder, J. (1994). Psychological risk factors for borderline personality disorder in female patients. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 35(4), 301-305. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(94)90023-X
- Patrick, M., Hobson, R. P., Castle, D., Howard, R., & Maugham, B. (1994). Personality disorder and the mental representation of early social experience. Developmental Psychopathology, 6, 375-388. doi:10.1017/S0954579400004648
- PDM Task Force (2006). Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual. Silver Spring, MD : Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organizations.
- Pine, F. (1986). On the development of the « borderline-child-to-be ». American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 56(3), 450-457. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1986.tb03476.x
- Roberts, B. W., & DelVecchio, W. F. (2000). The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 126(1), 3-25. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.126.I.3
- Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2005). Child maltreatment, attention networks, and potential precursors to borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 17(4), 1071-1089. doi:10.1017/S0954579405050509
- Shachnow, J., Clarkin, J., DiPalma, C. S., Thurston, F., Hull, J., & Shearin, E. (1997). Biparental psychopathology and borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry, 60, 171-181.
- Shapiro, T. (1990). Resolved: Borderline personality exists in children under twelve. Negative. Journal of the American of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(3), 478-479.
- Sharp, C., Mosko, O., Chang, B., & Ha, C. (2011). The cross-informant concordance and concurrent validity of the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children in a community sample of boys. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16(3), 335-349. doi:10.1177/1359104510366279
- Sharp, C., & Romero, C. (2007). Borderline personality disorder: A comparison between children and adults. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 71(2), 85-114. doi:10.1521/bumc.2007.71.2.85
- Shiner, R. (2009). The development of personality disorders: Perspectives from normal personality development in childhood and adolescence. Developmental Psychopathology, 21, 715-734. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000406
- Stepp, S. D., Whalen, D. J., Pilkonis, P. A., Hipwell, A. E., & Levine, M. D. (2011). Children of mothers with borderline personality disorder: Identifying parenting behaviours as potential targets for intervention. Personality disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. doi:10.1037/a0023081.
- Tackett, J. L., Balsis, S., Oltmanns, T. F., & Krueger, R. F. (2009). A unifying perspective on personality pathology across the life span: Developmental considerations for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 687-713. doi:10.1017/S095457940900039X
- Terradas, M. M., & Achim, J. (2010). L’Échelle de traits de personnalité limite pour les enfants. Traduction en français du Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFS-C), d’après la version originale de Crick, N. R., Murray-Close, D., & Woods, K. (2005). Document inédit, Université de Sherbrooke. Sherbrooke, Canada.
- Tyson, P., & Tyson, R. L. (1996). Les théories psychanalytiques du développement de l’enfant et de l’adolescent. Paris, France : Presses universitaires de France.
- Weiss, M., Zelkowitz, P., Feldman, R. B., Vogel, J., Heyman, M., & Paris, J. (1996). Psychopathology in offspring of mothers with borderline personality disorder: A pilot study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 41, 285-290.
- Winograd, G., Cohen, P., & Chen, H. (2008). Adolescent borderline symptoms in the community: Prognosis for functioning over 20 years. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(9), 933-941. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01930.x
- Wood, I. S., Parmelee, D. X., & Arents, M. P. (1992). Factors associated with borderline pathology in school-age children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 1(2), 167-181. doi:10.1007/BF01321284
- Zanarini, M. C. (2003). Childhood Interview for DSM-IV borderline personality disorder (CI-BPD). Belmont, MA : McLean Hospital.
- Zanarini, M. C., & Frankenburg, F. R. (1997). Pathways to the development of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 11, 93-104. doi : 10.1521/pedi.1997.11.1.93
- Zanarini, M. C., Gunderson, J. G., Marino, M. F., Schwartz, E. O., & Frankenburg, F. R. (1989). Childhood experiences of borderline patients. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 30, 18-25. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(89)90114-4
- Zelkowitz, P., Paris, J., Guzder, J., Feldman, R., Roy, C., & Rosval, L. (2007). A five-year follow-up of patients with borderline pathology of childhood. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21(6), 664-674. doi:10.1521/pedi.2007.21.6.664