Résumés
Résumé
Cette synthèse de la littérature existante fait le point sur les rapports entre changement climatique et migrations en accordant un intérêt particulier au continent latino-américain. Après un bref historique du débat que soulève la relation entre environnement et migration, nous identifions une série de conséquences du changement climatique. Les aspects liés aux ouragans, aux inondations, aux sécheresses, à l’élévation du niveau des mers et à la fonte des glaciers sont en particulier abordés. L’article procède ensuite principalement par analogie historique : une synthèse des conséquences migratoires passées de ces aléas environnementaux permet de mettre en évidence les principaux enjeux migratoires liés au changement climatique.
Mots-clés :
- Changement climatique,
- Migration,
- Migrants environnementaux,
- Amérique latine
Abstract
This literature overview aims to review the relationship between climate change and migration with a special focus on the Latin American continent. After a brief history of the debate raised by the relationship between the environment and migration, we identify the main environmental consequences of climate change. Aspects related to hurricanes, floods, droughts, sea level rise and melting glaciers are most specifically studied. The paper then uses historical analogies : a synthesis of the past migratory consequences of these environmental degradations allows underlining the main migratory issues related to climate change.
Keywords:
- Climate change,
- Migration,
- Environmental migrants,
- Latin America
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Note biographique
Raoul Kaenzig est assistant doctorant Licencié en Géographie (Msc / Université de Neuchâtel / 2009), sa recherche de doctorat porte sur les relations entre les changements environnementaux et les migrations dans les Andes boliviennes.
Etienne Piguet (PhD /Université de Lausanne/1998) est titulaire de la Chaire de géographie des mobilités de l'Université de Neuchâtel (Suisse). Ses recherches portent sur les flux migratoires et, en particulier, les mouvements de réfugiés, les liens entre migration et environnement, l’intégration des personnes issues de la migration, les questions de ségrégation spatiale et de discrimination ainsi que l’insertion dans le monde du travail et l’accès à la citoyenneté. Il dirige actuellement, en partenariat avec l'UNESCO, un projet d'ouvrage collectif sur le thème des migrations et des changements environnementaux à l'échelle mondiale à paraître en juin 2011. Etienne Piguet a été désigné au GIEC (Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat) en tant qu’ « Editorial Reviewer » dans la perspective du rapport 2014.
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