Résumés
Résumé
Selon l’American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1994), le trouble déficitaire de l’attention/hyperactivité (TDA/H) se divise en trois profils : inattention prédominante (TDA/H-I), hyperactivité-impulsivité prédominante (TDA/H-H) et mixte (TDA/H-M). L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier les caractéristiques familiales associées aux trois profils du TDA/H en exerçant un contrôle statistique sur les variables de sexe et d’âge des enfants, ainsi que sur la prise de médication et la co-occurrence de troubles extériorisés et intériorisés. Les participants sont 110 familles d’enfants d’âge primaire présentant un TDA/H (TDA/H-I : n = 31, TDA/H-H : n = 11, TDA/H-M : n = 68) et prenant tous une médication appropriée. Les résultats d’une analyse de covariance multiple démontrent que les familles des trois profils se différencient uniquement au niveau du stress parental : les parents d’enfants ayant un TDA/H-I ressentent moins de stress que les parents d’enfants ayant un TDA/H-H ou un TDA/H-M. Par ailleurs, les résultats suggèrent qu’il est important de considérer la présence du trouble oppositionnel et la prise de médication dans l’étude des profils diagnostiques du TDA/H.
Mots-clés :
- trouble déficitaire de l’attention/hyperactivité (TDAH),
- profils diagnostiques,
- familles
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) is divided into three different subtypes : predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I), predominantly hyperactive (ADHD-H), and combined type (ADHD-C). Whereas several studies have shown differences between these three subtypes in children’s individual characteristics, less is known about differences in their family characteristics. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there were differences in the families of children with ADHD with their diagnostic subtypes when statistically controlling children’s age, gender, medication and co-occurrence with exteriorized and interiorized disorders. Participants were 110 families of children with ADHD (ADHD-I: n=31, ADHD-H: n=11, ADHD-C: n= 68). Children were all in elementary school and were receiving appropriate medication. Results revealed that the three subtypes of children only differed with respect to parental stress, revealing that parents of children with ADHD-I experience less stress than parents with ADHD-H or ADHD-C.
Keywords:
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
- subtypes,
- family
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